Box plots are a way of representing information broken up into percentiles, specifically quarters (as in subdivisions, not coins). The central box, with the marked median, shows the range containing most of the information, while outliers and statistically less likely numbers are in the "tail" regions. These box plots show miles-per-gallon for vehicles based on number of cylinders.
http://www.statmethods.net/graphs/images/boxplot1.jpg
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